Today we are pleased to welcome guest author Derek D. Maxfield with a review of Robert L. O'Connell's Fierce Patriot: The Tangled Lives of William Tecumseh Sherman (New York: Random House, 2014). [236] In 1873, Sherman wrote in a private letter that "during an assault, the soldiers can not pause to distinguish between male and female, or even discriminate as to age. Still, if he muffed his Vicksburg assignment, which had begun unfavorably, he would rise no higher. If you would like your line included, please contact Heather Bowers . Without his work, the Union troops would not have been able to maintain their levels of supply during the war, and he was instrumental in both Ulysses S. Grant and William Tecumseh Sherman's . Sherman commanded the division on the extreme right of the Union's right wing (under George Henry Thomas). [56] Sherman was an effective and popular leader of the institution, which would later become Louisiana State University. One, Charles, was conceived during the. [164] Sherman proceeded with some of his troops to Washington, where they marched in the Grand Review of the Armies on May 24, 1865. [41], On May 1, 1850, Sherman married his foster sister, Ellen Boyle Ewing, who was four years and eight months his junior. [254] On April 11, 1880, he addressed a crowd of more than 10,000 in Columbus, Ohio: "There is many a boy here today who looks on war as all glory, but, boys, it is all hell. [185], Towards the end of the Civil War, some elements within the Republican Party regarded Sherman as being strongly prejudiced against black people. "[78], The outcome at Bull Run caused Sherman to question his own judgment as an officer and the capabilities of his volunteer troops. 1. Gen. Rufus Saxton, an abolitionist from Massachusetts who had previously directed the recruitment of black soldiers, to implement that plan. He dealt in a friendly and unaffected way with the black people that he met during his career. Sherman". Sherman's initial assignments were rear-echelon commands, first of an instructional barracks near St. Louis and then in command of the District of Cairo. [93] At Shiloh, Sherman was wounded twicein the hand and shoulderand had three horses shot out from under him. Senator from Ohio [1830-1836] and later a member of the cabinet under four U.S. Presidents, William Henry . You are bound to fail. In one amusing change to his text, Sherman dropped the assertion that, A "third edition, revised and corrected" of Sherman's memoirs was put out in 1890 by, According to Victor Davis Hanson, "In the eyes of Lewis and Liddell Hart, Sherman was a great man, who is judged on what he did and not on what he wrote: he saved lives and shortened the war; and he used military science to teach his nation what war is ultimately for. [159], Following Lee's surrender and the assassination of Lincoln, Sherman met with Johnston on April 17, 1865, at Bennett Place in Durham, North Carolina, to negotiate a Confederate surrender. "[27] Sherman was later stationed in Georgia and South Carolina. Sherman wrote both to his brother, Senator John Sherman, and to General Grant vehemently repudiating any such promotion. McPherson. By his own admission, he is guilty. [141] Upon reaching Savannah, Sherman appointed Private A. O. Granger as his personal secretary. "[255], One of Sherman's significant contributions as head of the Army was the establishment of the Command School (now the Command and General Staff College) at Fort Leavenworth[256] in 1881. [28], While many of his colleagues saw action in the MexicanAmerican War, Sherman was assigned to administrative duties in the captured territory of California. [297] Former U.S. Defense Secretary Robert McNamara refers equivocally to the statement that "war is cruelty and you cannot refine it" in both the book Wilson's Ghost[298] and in his interview for the documentary film The Fog of War (2003). in Lancaster, Ohio, USA , United States, Died on February 14, 1891 Schofield. While stationed in San. Grave. William Sherman was born at Lancaster, Ohio, on February 8 th 1820. Here, buffalo skulls are piled up at a glueworks . [299] The admiration of scholars such as B. H. Liddell Hart,[300] Lloyd Lewis, Victor Davis Hanson,[301] John F. Marszalek,[302] and Brian Holden-Reid[303] for Sherman owes much to what they see as an approach to the exigencies of modern armed conflict that was both effective and principled. Place of Burial: Mansfield, Richland County, OH, United States. [148][149] His army proceeded north through South Carolina against light resistance from the troops of Confederate general Johnston. [188][189][190] In that essay, Sherman called upon the South to "let the negro vote, and count his vote honestly", adding that "otherwise, so sure as there is a God in Heaven, you will have another war, more cruel than the last, when the torch and dagger will take the place of the muskets of well-ordered battalions". Sherman's nine-year-old son, Willie, the "Little Sergeant", died from typhoid fever contracted during the trip. Sherman died of pneumonia in New York City at 1:50PM on February 14, 1891, six days after his 71st birthday. He is perhaps the most eccentric general of the Civil War. Sheridan used hard-war tactics similar to those he and Sherman had employed in the Civil War. Sherman offered Grant an example from his own life: "Before the battle of Shiloh, I was cast down by a mere newspaper assertion of 'crazy', but that single battle gave me new life, and I'm now in high feather." The publication of Sherman's memoirs sparked controversy and drew complaints from many quarters. See more Charles Taylor Sherman (Feb. 3, 1811-Jan. 1, 1879) Mary Elizabeth Sherman Reese (April 21, 1812-Aug. 1900) [84] In his private correspondence, Sherman later wrote that the concerns of command "broke me down" and admitted to having contemplated suicide. His father Charles Robert Sherman, a successful lawyer who sat on the Ohio Supreme Court, died unexpectedly in 1829. [123] When Lincoln called Grant east in the spring of 1864 to take command of all the Union armies, Grant appointed Sherman (by then known to his soldiers as "Uncle Billy") to succeed him as head of the Military Division of the Mississippi, which entailed command of Union troops in the Western Theater of the war. Sherman's subsequent famous "March to the Sea" through Georgia and the Carolinas involved little fighting but large-scale destruction of military and civilian infrastructure, a systematic policy intended to undermine the ability and willingness of the Confederacy to continue fighting. Sherman, one of eleven children, was born into a . The site was chosen because Sherman was reported to have stood there while reviewing returning Civil War troops in May 1865. At the White House, Sherman met with Abraham Lincoln a few days after his inauguration as president of the United States. Critical press reports about Sherman began to appear after the U.S. Secretary of War, Simon Cameron, visited Louisville in October 1861. Some pro-Confederate sources have repeated a claim that Oliver Otis Howard, the commander of Sherman's 15th Corps, said in 1867 that "It is useless to deny that our troops burnt Columbia, for I saw them in the act. Parents. [127] In July, the cautious Johnston was replaced by the more aggressive John Bell Hood, who played to Sherman's strength by challenging him to direct battles on open ground. At the insistence of Johnston, Confederate president Jefferson Davis, and Confederate Secretary of War John C. Breckinridge, Sherman conditionally agreed to generous terms that dealt with both military and political issues. Sherman, beset by hallucinations and unreasonable fears and finally contemplating suicide, had been relieved from command in Kentucky. Sherman appointed Brig. William was sent to the family of Thomas Ewing, a neighbor and friend who was a U.S. Grant then ordered Thomas to attack at the center of the Confederate line. [76] During the fighting, Sherman was grazed by bullets in the knee and shoulder. President Zachary Taylor, vice president Millard Fillmore and other political luminaries attended the wedding. Sherman's younger brother John was, from his seat in the U.S. Congress, a prominent advocate against slavery. He was one of eleven children born to Charles and Mary Sherman but was raised in the family of influential politician Thomas Ewing following the death of his father. This frontal assault was intended as a diversion, but it unexpectedly succeeded in capturing the enemy's entrenchments and routing the Confederate Army of Tennessee, bringing the Union's Chattanooga campaign to a successful completion. "General Sherman" and "William Sherman" redirect here. Free shipping for many products! Family. William M Biss 1825 - 1901. 04/14/13 re: Sherman Family: (1) John Sherman was 'appointed' Senator from Ohio by the State Legislature and Governor; W.T. Friends and family, however, simply called him "Cump." 2. I am not and cannot be. [134], During September and October, Sherman and Hood played a cat-and-mouse game in northern Georgia and Alabama, as Hood threatened Sherman's communications to the north. [26], Upon graduation in 1840, Sherman entered the army as a second lieutenant in the 3rd U.S. Civil war-era biographies that can double as doorstops seem to be in vogue again. . [150], Sherman captured Columbia, the state capital, on February 17, 1865. Fires began that night and by next morning most of the central city was destroyed. In early 1858, he returned to California to finalize the bank's outstanding accounts there. William Tecumseh Sherman was born 8 February 1820 in Lancaster, Ohio, into a family of eleven. [226] On July 25, 1866, the U.S. Congress created the new rank of General of the Army for Grant, while also promoting Sherman to Grant's previous rank of lieutenant general. His performance was praised by Grant and Halleck and after the battle he was promoted to major general of volunteers, effective May 1, 1862. After his father died at an early age, Sherman's mother split the family. [210] Consuming supplies, wrecking infrastructure, and undermining morale were Sherman's stated goals, and several of his Southern contemporaries noted this and commented on it. When Sherman's train passed Collierville it came under attack by 3,000 Confederate cavalry and eight guns under James Ronald Chalmers. This meeting was memorialized in G. P. A. Healy's painting The Peacemakers. : Dear Tommy", "General William Tecumseh Sherman 1888, cast 1910", "The sculpture "Victory" fully restored, on display at the Memorial Amphitheater", "General William Tecumseh Sherman Statue", "Firefighters are girding Earth's biggest tree. Mother of Elizabeth Reese Miller; Julia Willock Huggins; Margaret McComb; Robert Sherman McComb; Hoyt . Sherman was distantly related to American founding father Roger Sherman and grew to admire him. His men swore by him, and most of his fellow officers admired him. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. They were the parents of at least 5 sons and 5 daughters. His father, a lawyer and jurist, died when he was nine, leaving the family destitute. Louis. In March, Halleck's command was redesignated the Department of the Mississippi and enlarged to unify command in the West. Sherman was distantly related to US founding father Roger Sherman. After World War II, the Nuremberg Charter defined war crimes as . Wife of Robert McComb. [231] In 1871, Sherman ordered that the leaders of the Warren Wagon Train Raid, an attack by a Kiowa and Comanche war party from which Sherman himself had narrowly escaped, be tried for murder in Jacksboro, Texas. "[283] Upon Sherman's death, his son Thomas publicly declared: "My father was baptized in the Catholic Church, married in the Catholic Church, and attended the Catholic Church until the outbreak of the civil war. Other. When William Tecumseh Sherman was born on 21 August 1874, in St Paul, Neosho, Kansas, United States, his father, Daniel M Sherman, was 55 and his mother, Mary Ann Post, was 24. The Scourge of War: The Life of William Tecumseh Sherman By Brian Holden Reid Oxford University Press, 2020, $34.95. Born William Tecumseh SHERMAN American soldier, businessman, educator and author Born on February 08, 1820 in Lancaster, Ohio, USA , United States Died on February 14, 1891 in New York City, New York, USA Born on February 08 50 Deceased on February 14 32 Family tree Report an error Sherman Daniel 1721 - 1799 Taylor Mindwell 1720 - 1798 Stoddard Brother of Charles Taylor Sherman, Mary Elizabeth (Sherman) Reese, James Sherman, Amelia (Sherman) McComb, Julia Ann (Sherman) Willock, Lampson Parker Sherman, John H. Sherman, Susan Denman (Sherman) Bartley, Hoyt Sherman and Frances Beecher (Sherman) Moulton Boyd later recalled witnessing that, when news of South Carolina's secession from the United States reached them at the Seminary, "Sherman burst out crying, and began, in his nervous way, pacing the floor and deprecating the step which he feared might bring destruction on the whole country. This strategy has been characterized by some military historians as an early form of total war, although the appropriateness of that term has been questioned by many scholars. [9] He recovered and forged a close partnership with General Ulysses S. Grant. Looting was officially forbidden, but historians disagree on how rigorously this regulation was enforced. The first edition was published in 1875 by Henry S. King & Co., of London, and by Appleton in New York. General Sherman was born February 8, 1820, and named William Tecumseh after the great Shawnee leader but acquired the nickname "Cump" from his siblings. War is cruelty, and you cannot refine it; and those who brought war into our country deserve all the curses and maledictions a people can pour out. You people speak so lightly of war; you don't know what you're talking about. Sherman was one of the few Union officers to distinguish himself in the field and historian Donald L. Miller has characterized Sherman's performance at Bull Run as "exemplary". When Sherman's older brother James was born, the general related, his father "insisted on engrafting the Indian name 'Tecumseh' on the usual family list." Sherman's mother, who had named her first son after a brother of hers, prevailed, however, in her desire to name her second son after a second brother of hers. He returned to Washington in 1876, when the new Secretary of War, Alphonso Taft, promised him greater authority. [132] The capture of Atlanta made Sherman a household name and was decisive in ensuring Lincoln's re-election in November. He led the capture of the strategic city of Atlanta, a military success that contributed to the re-election of President Abraham Lincoln. Sherman later married his foster sister, Ellen Ewing, and the couple had eight children. Sherman, like many young officers who passed through Fort Moultrie in the antebellum period, described it . According to British military historian Brian Holden-Reid, "if Sherman had committed tactical errors during the attack, he more than compensated for these during the subsequent retreat". According to Sherman, the trek across the Lumber River, and through the swamps, pocosins, and creeks of Robeson County was "the damnedest marching I ever saw". On April 20, Sherman dispatched a memorandum with those terms to the government in Washington. William Tecumseh Sherman [1032] ,1 son of Charles Robert Sherman [1030] and Mary Hoyt [1031], was born on 8 Feb 1820 in Lancaster, Fairfield Co., OH and died on 14 Feb 1891 in New York, New York Co., NY at age 71. My average demerits, per annum, were about one hundred and fifty, which reduced my final class standing from number four to six. [55], In 1859, Sherman accepted a job as the first superintendent of the Louisiana State Seminary of Learning & Military Academy in Pineville, Louisiana, a position he sought at the suggestion of Major Don Carlos Buell and obtained through the support of General George Mason Graham. The couple later had eight children, two of whom died from sickness while Sherman was serving in the Civil War. In his Memoirs, Sherman commented on the political pressures of 18641865 to encourage the escape of slaves, in part to avoid the possibility that "able-bodied slaves will be called into the military service of the rebels". [155], In late March, Sherman briefly left his forces and traveled to City Point, Virginia, to confer with Grant. Charles Robert Sherman, was 31 and his mother, Mary Elizabeth Hoyt, was 32. [212] One of Sherman's tactics was to destroy the railways by pulling up the rails, heating them over a bonfire, and twisting them to leave behind what came to known as "Sherman's neckties". "[88][89], After Grant captured Fort Donelson, Sherman got his wish to serve under Grant when he was assigned on March 1, 1862, to the Army of West Tennessee as commander of the 5th Division. [237], Displacement of the Plains Indians was facilitated by the growth of the railroads and the eradication of the bison. [169][170][171] Throughout the Civil War, Sherman declined to employ black troops in his armies.[172][173]. 1869-1934) Susan Denman Sherman (b. Oct. 10, 1825-Jan. 10, 1876) Married: second wife of Thomas Wells Bartley, Nov. 7, 1848 He was stationed in Kentucky, where his pessimism about the outlook of the war led to a breakdown that required him to be briefly put on leave. In December, he was put on leave by Henry W. Halleck, commander of the Department of the Missouri, who found him unfit for duty and sent him to Lancaster, Ohio, to recuperate. [263] However, Sherman did include the views of some others in the appendices to the new edition.[j][k]. Sherman was a family man and had several children. [229] He testified in the trial on April 11 and 13, 1868. He was the sixth of eleven children born to Judge Charles and Mary Hoyt Sherman. [117], At Chattanooga, Grant instructed Sherman to attack the right flank of Bragg's forces, which were entrenched along Missionary Ridge overlooking the city. One of his younger brothers, John Sherman, was one of the founders of the Republican Party and served as a U.S. congressman, senator, and cabinet secretary. American soldier, businessman, educator and author. [90] His first major test under Grant was at the Battle of Shiloh. Free delivery for many products! [14], Sherman's unusual given name has always attracted attention. Senator John Sherman (his younger brother and a political ally of President Lincoln) and other connections in Washington helped him to obtain a commission. [162] This precipitated a deep and long-lasting enmity between Sherman and Stanton, and it intensified Sherman's disdain for politicians. [10], Sherman was born in 1820 in Lancaster, Ohio, near the banks of the Hocking River. William Tecumseh Sherman Biss married Amelia Rose Slavick and had 4 children. Two of his foster brothers served as major generals in the Union Army during the Civil War: Hugh Boyle Ewing, later an ambassador and author, and Thomas Ewing Jr., who was a defense attorney in the military trials of the Lincoln conspirators. [83] While he was at home, his wife Ellen wrote to his brother, Senator John Sherman, seeking advice and complaining of "that melancholy insanity to which your family is subject". [29] During that voyage, Sherman grew close to Ord and especially to the intellectually distinguished Halleck. Evarts, the polished, urbane, witty New Yorker; George Hoar, the sharp, petulant, bright, nagging New Englander; John Sherman, the unostentatious, but persistent Westerner. For more detailed discussion of this overall period, see Marszalek. (Microfilm Edition) University of Notre Dame Descriptive information at http://archives.nd.edu/findaids/ead/html/shr.htm William Tecumseh Sherman (1820 -1891) was one of the most prominent of the Union's Civil War generals and for many years thereafter Commanding General of the Army. His son, Thomas Ewing Sherman, who was a Jesuit priest, presided over his father's funeral masses in New York City and in St. For other uses, see. In October, Sherman succeeded Anderson in command of that department. As the foster son of a prominent Whig politician, in Charleston the popular Lieutenant Sherman moved within the upper circles of Old South society. [145] According to a war-time account, it was around this time that Sherman made his memorable declaration of loyalty to Grant: General Grant is a great general. Death: January 09, 1862 (45) Mansfield, Richland County, Ohio, United States. Holden-Reid, for instance, argued that "the concept of 'total war' is deeply flawed, an imprecise label that at best describes the two world wars but is of dubious relevance to the U.S. Civil War."[204]. Louis. [140] At the end of this campaign, known as Sherman's March to the Sea, his troops took Savannah on December 21, 1864. Sherman had dismissed the intelligence reports from militia officers, refusing to believe that Confederate general Albert Sidney Johnston would leave his base at Corinth. William Tecumseh Sherman by James L. McDonough 9780393241570 | eBay Only in your spirit and determination are you prepared for war. National Archives. Sherman took command of the infantrymen in the local Union garrison and successfully repelled the Confederate attack. In early November, Sherman asked to be relieved of his command. [262], In 1886, after the publication of Grant's memoirs, Sherman produced a "second edition, revised and corrected" of his own memoirs. He married Eleanor Boyle Ewing on 1 May 1850, in Washington D.C., United States. Although Sherman was technically the senior officer, he wrote to Grant, "I feel anxious about you as I know the great facilities [the Confederates] have of concentration by means of the River and R[ail] Road, but [I] have faith in youCommand me in any way. Frederick Douglass, Ulysses S. Grant, and now William T. Sherman, the Union's second most famous general and, arguably, its first modern one. He was the son of lawyer Charles R. Sherman and Mary Hoyt both originally of Norwalk, CT. His grandfather, Honorable Taylor Sherman, was a well respected attorney and judge in Norwalk, CT, and, after his death in 1815, his widow and family migrated to OH. I know I had no hand in making this war, and I know I will make more sacrifices to-day than any of you to secure peace. [307], The General William Tecumseh Sherman Monument (1903) by Carl Rohl-Smith[308] stands near President's Park in Washington, D.C.[309] The bronze monument consists of an equestrian statue of Sherman and a platform with a soldier at each corner, representing the infantry, artillery, cavalry, and engineer branches of the U.S. Army. 15", "Hard War in Virginia during the Civil War", "James M. Calhoun, Mayor, E. E. Pawson and S. C. Wells, representing City Council of Atlanta", "The complicated history of Gen. Philip Sheridan", "Timeline: A Chronology of Key Events in the Life of William T. Sherman, 18201891", "Sorrow at the Capital: Formal Announcement by the President Eulogies in the Senate", "In Headquarters, Military Division of the Mississippi In the Field, Savannah, Geo. Despite his harsh treatment of the warring tribes, Sherman spoke out against speculators and government agents who abused the Native Americans living within the reservations. [192] Liddell Hart's views on the historical significance of Sherman have since been discussed and, to varying extents, defended by subsequent military scholars such as Jay Luvaas,[193] Victor Davis Hanson,[194] and Brian Holden-Reid. [279], Some modern historians have characterized Sherman as a deist in the manner of Thomas Jefferson,[280] while others identify him as an agnostic who accepted many Christian values but lacked faith. [a] According to Sherman's Memoirs, he was named "William Tecumseh", his father having "caught a fancy for the great chief of the Shawnees, 'Tecumseh'". Reported! "[220] Historian James M. McPherson has concluded that: The fullest and most dispassionate study of this controversy blames all parties in varying proportionsincluding the Confederate authorities for the disorder that characterized the evacuation of Columbia, leaving thousands of cotton bales on the streets (some of them burning) and huge quantities of liquor undestroyed Sherman did not deliberately burn Columbia; a majority of Union soldiers, including the general himself, worked through the night to put out the fires.

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